The fact that a boy is an Eagle Scout has always carried with it a special significance, not only in Scouting but also as he enters higher education, business or industry, and community service. The award is a performancebased achievement whose standards have been well-maintained over the years. Not every boy who joins a Boy Scout troop earns the Eagle Scout rank; only about 5 percent of all Boy Scouts do so. This represents more than 1.7 million Boy Scouts who have earned the rank since 1912. Nevertheless, the goals of Scouting—citizenship training, character development, and personal fitness—remain important for all Scouts, whether or not they attain the Eagle Scout rank.

Progression

To earn the Eagle Scout rank, the highest advancement rank in Scouting, a Boy Scout must fulfill requirements in the areas of leadership, service, and outdoor skills. Although many options are available to demonstrate proficiency in these areas, a number of specific skills are required to advance through the ranks—Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, Life, and Eagle. To advance, a Boy Scout must pass specific tests that are organized by requirements and merit badges.

Merit Badges

Merit badges signify the mastery of certain Scoutcraft skills, as well as helping boys increase their skill in an area of personal interest. Of the 120 merit badges available, 21 must be earned to qualify for Eagle Scout. Of this group, 12 badges are required, including First Aid, Citizenship in the Community, Citizenship in the Nation, Citizenship in the World, Communications, Environmental Science, Personal Fitness, Personal Management, Camping, and Family Life. In addition, a Scout has a choice between Emergency Preparedness and Lifesaving and a choice among Cycling, Hiking, and Swimming.

Scoutmaster Conferences

At each of his rank advancements, a Boy Scout takes part in a Scoutmaster conference. These conferences help the Scout to set goals for himself in line with his individual talents and abilities. At each conference, the Scoutmaster helps him evaluate how well he accomplished his present goal and then works with him in setting new goals.

Service and Responsibility

Beginning with the Star rank, and continuing through Life and Eagle, a Scout must demonstrate participation in increasingly more responsible service projects. At these levels, he also must demonstrate leadership skills by holding one or more specific youth positions of responsibility in his troop.

Steps in Advancement

Advancement, one of the eight methods by which the aims of Scouting are achieved, has four steps through each award level.

First, the Scout learns. Much of his learning comes from other boys in his patrol or troop and by active participation in troop program. His patrol activities are directed toward the skills he needs. Every troop hike, camping trip, or other activity offers potential learning experiences. A Scout learns to pitch a tent by pitching one, to use a compass by finding directions, and to cook a meal by having to prepare and eat it.

Second, the Scout is tested. The specific requirements determine the kind of testing. Verbal testing is sufficient in some instances. In other instances, a Scout must demonstrate his skills by doing.

Third, the Scout is reviewed. The purpose of the review is to ensure that all requirements for advancement have been met. This includes a check of the Scout's attitude and practice of the ideals of Scouting, in addition to his Scoutcraft skills. The decision regarding whether a Scout has met the required standards to qualify for rank advancement begins with the troop and, for the Eagle Scout rank, is approved by the district, local council, and finally, the National Council.

Fourth, the Scout is recognized. The final step in advancement involves presentation of the badge, usually at a ceremony before the entire troop.

Boy Scouts With Disabilities

Boy Scouts with disabilities may qualify for the Eagle Scout rank. The Scout must earn as many of the required merit badges as he can. He then submits an application for alternate merit badges. His BSA local council determines the alternate merit badges for him to earn.

National Eagle Scout Association

Founded in 1972, the National Eagle Scout Association (NESA) maintains contact with Eagle Scouts to sustain their interest in Scouting. Any Eagle Scout may join the association. Applications for membership in NESA are available through your local council, on the BSA Web page (old.scouting.org), or by contacting the Eagle Scout Service at the national office.

Distinguished Eagle Scout Award

The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award was established in 1969 to acknowledge Eagle Scouts who have distinguished themselves in business, professions, and service to their country. Only Eagle Scouts who earned the Eagle Scout rank a minimum of 25 years previously are eligible for nomination. The award is given by the National Eagle Scout Service upon the recommendation of a committee of Distinguished Eagle Scouts.

A Sample of Famous Eagle Scouts

Neil Armstrong
First man on the moon

Willie Banks
U.S. Olympic medalist, former world record holder in the triple jump

Michael Bloomberg
Mayor of New York City

Bill Bradley
Former U.S. senator, former presidential candidate, former professional basketball player

Stephen G. Breyer
Associate justice, United States Supreme Court

The Honorable Mike Crapo
United States senator, Idaho

William C. DeVries, M.D.
Surgeon and educator, transplanted the first artificial heart

The Honorable Mike Enzi
United States senator, Wyoming

Thomas Foley
Former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, former ambassador to Japan

President Gerald R. Ford (deceased)
Former president of the United States

Steve Fossett (deceased)
World record holder, first person to circumnavigate Earth solo in a hot air balloon

Chan Gailey
Offensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs, former head coach of the Dallas Cowboys

Bill Gates, Sr.
CEO of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, father of Microsoft founder Bill Gates

Michael Kahn
Academy Award-winning film editor

James A. Lovell, Jr.
Retired U.S. Navy officer, former astronaut

Gary Locke
Former governor of the state of Washington

The Honorable Richard G. Lugar
United States senator, Indiana

J. Willard Marriott Jr.
Chairman and CEO, Marriott International

George Meyer
Writer and producer of “The Simpsons”

Michael F. Moore
Academy Award-winning documentary filmmaker

H. Ross Perot
Founder of Perot Systems Corp., former presidential candidate

Gov. Rick Perry
Governor of Texas

Mike Rowe
Host of “Dirty Jobs” on the Discovery Channel

The Honorable Jeff Sessions
United States senator, Alabama

William S. Sessions
Former federal judge, former director of the FBI

Steven Spielberg
Academy Award-winning film director

John Tesh
Recording artist and performer

Togo D. West Jr.
Former United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs